source 2009 Hisil--Wong--Carter--Dawson, formula (9), plus substitutions U = XX, V = ZZ, W = R/2, plus Z3 expansion using Z1=1 assume Z1 = 1 compute YY1 = Y1^2 compute X3 = Y1 R1 compute Z3 = 1 - XX1^2 compute XX3 = X3^2 compute ZZ3 = Z3^2 compute R3 = (X3+Z3)^2 - XX3 - ZZ3 compute Y3 = 2 YY1^2 - a XX3 - ZZ3